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New York Times, August 17, 1998

Secrecy of Software Code Creates Security Risk

By DENISE CARUSO

The trade secrets of commercial software vendors are threatening the security of the global Internet -- and that threat extends to the future of electronic commerce as well.

This was not the conclusion that most people would have reached over the last two weeks as significant security flaws were disclosed in several popular e-mail packages, including Eudora, Microsoft Outlook and Netscape Mail.

Instead, most of the focus was on how users could get their hands on patches, the additional bits of software code that would spackle over the holes in their vulnerable e-mail programs.

Nonetheless, network security experts are adamant that the roots of the problem are fundamental and widespread. They think that the Internet's structure as it exists today -- the open, freely available Internet protocols, with overly bulky and/or proprietary software running atop them -- is impossible to secure, because only the software vendors know what is in their code.

Consider the recently exposed e-mail flaw that would enable an intruder to send an electronic message containing a program intended to damage or steal data. How could a company release software that would allow such a thing to happen?

"The problem is these gigantic, 10-megabyte Web browsers," said Mark Seiden, chief network consultant for Veriguard Inc., a computer-security concern in Menlo Park, Calif. "Nobody knows what flaws are in them. Nobody even knows, really, everything that they do."

Yet, he said, we install them without thinking.

"Or worse," Seiden said, "you have no choice but to install them because, in the case of Internet Explorer, they're part of the operating system. Then there are all the things which are part of Windows which haven't been looked at, with an eye toward security, by anybody other than the vendor."

Any software company that develops software for Windows, for example, has to trust whatever security defaults Microsoft has chosen to use, yet "the developers have no idea what's in them," Seiden said. "There's no way to find out the Windows source code."

Until a few months ago, the same was true of Netscape. But earlier this year, Netscape published its source code to encourage its use by third-party software developers. Apparently developers have not had sufficient time to discover all its flaws.

What this means in the end is that the network infrastructure created by popular Web browsers from Netscape Communications Corp. and Microsoft Corp. -- and from the scores of other companies that produce software to work with them -- has not been subjected to the same rigorous peer review that went into the design of Internet protocols, the rules that are continually scrutinized by some of the world's best software engineers.

As a consequence, Seiden said, there is always the possibility, however remote, that "any of the stuff that's on your desktop can be gotten to by hostile programs."

For today's online consumers, that means exposing bank accounts, password files -- anything that is in a file on a hard drive connected to the Internet. But for companies conducting business on the Internet, that means exposing trade secrets, intellectual property, product designs, customer databases, marketing strategies and more.

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